LETTER OF CONCERN FOR THE WELFARE OF THE ELEPHANTS IN KERALA

REFERENCES:

  1. Zeder, M.A.; Emshwiller, E.; Smith, B.D.; Bradley, D.G. (2006) Documenting domestication: the intersection of genetics and archaeology. Trends  Genet. 22: 139–155. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.01.007 

  Price, E.O. (1984) Behavioral aspects of animal domestication. Q Rev Biol. 1–32. 

  Russell, N. (2002) The wild side of animal domestication. Soc Anim. 10: 285–302 doi:10.1163/ 156853002320770083

2. Rizzolo JB & Bradshaw GA 2018 Human Leisure, Elephant Breakdown. Impacts of Tourism on Asian Elephants  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345562567_Human_leisure_elephant_breakdown

3.  CUPA/ANCF’s Captive elephants in India – Report 2009 https://cupabangalore.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Captive-Elephants-of-Temples-of-India.pdf

4. Jacobs, B., Lubs, J., Hannan, M., Anderson, K., Butti, C., Sherwood, C.C., Hof, P.R., & Manger, P.R. (2011). Neuronal morphology in the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) neocortex. Brain Structure and Function, 215, 273-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-010-0288-3

5. Rizzolo JB & Bradshaw GA. 2016. Prevalence and patterns of complex PTSD in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus). Proceedings of Asian Elephants in culture and nature. International Conference on Asian Elephants in Culture & Nature, Sri Lanka. pp.291-297 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311511597_Prevalence_and_Patterns_of_Complex_PTSD_in_Asian_Elephants_Elephas_maximus

6. Jacobs, B., Rally, H., Doyle, C., O’Brien, L., Tennison, M., & Marino, L. (2021). Putative neural consequences  of captivity for elephants and cetaceans:  Reviews in the Neurosciences.https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2021-0100

7. Mason G. J. 1991. Stereotypies: a critical review. Animal Behaviour, 41:1015-1037.; Kurt F & Garaï M. 2001. Stereotypies in captive Asian Elephants- a symptom of social isolation. Scientific Progress Reports in: A Research Update of Elephants  and Rhinos. Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna June 7-11,2001. pp.57-63.

8.  Romero LM. 2004. Physiological stress in ecology: lessons from biomedical research. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 19(5):249-255.; Bondi CO, Rodriguez G, Gould GG, Frazer A & Morilak DA. 2008. Chronic unpredictable stress induces a cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in rats that is prevented by chronic antidepressant drug treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33:320-331.

9. Professor Bob Jacobs et al, 2021. Putative neural consequences of captivity for Elephants and cetaceans (PDF) Putative neural consequences of captivity for Elephants and cetaceans (research gate.net). cetaceans (PDF) Putative neural consequences of captivity for Elephants and cetaceans (researchgate.net)

10. Clubb R., Rowcliffe M., Lee P., Mar K.U., Moss C. & Mason G.J. 2008. Compromised survivorship. Science, 322:1649.

   Wiese & Willis 2004 Calculation of longevity and life expectancy in captive Elephants

11.  Poole J & Granli P. 2009. Mind and movement: Meeting the interests of elephants. In: Forthman DL, Kane LF & Waldau PF (Eds.) An Elephant in the Room: The Science and Well-being of Elephants in Captivity. Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine’s Center for Animals and Public Policy, Tufts University, pp.2-21. 

12. Moss CJ & Poole JH 1983. Relationships and Social Structure of African Elephants. In: Primate Social Relationships; An integrated approach. R Hinde (Ed). Blackwell Publ

13. Sukumar R. 2003. The Living Elephants. Evolutionary Ecology, Behavior and Conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 

14. Ullrey et al 1997 Elephants: Nutrition and dietary husbandry

15.  Bates L.A., Lee P.C., Njiraini N., Poole J. H., Sayialel K., Sayialel S., Moss C. J. & Byrne R.W. 2008. Do Elephants show empathy? Journal of consciousness Studies, 15(10-11):204-225

16. Bradshaw et al, 2005. Elephant Breakdown; Bell Rizzolo J. et al, 20016. Prevalence and Patterns of Complex PTSD in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) 

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